Cell penetrating peptide (CPP) technologies represent a viable strategy to modulate the activities of intracellular proteins that are often intractable to more conventional biological agents. In particular, the cationic helical domains of proteins have proven to be a reliable source of proteomimetic bioportides, cell penetrant sequences that control intracellular protein function by a predominant dominant negative mechanism. Arginine-rich helical protein sequences are a common source of bioportides, a fact that in part reflects the increased propensity of arginine within the molecular interfaces that facilitate protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Thus, our current endeavours broadly encompass the design, synthesis and evaluation of polycationic bioportides within key signalling proteins that control apoptosis, tumour angiogenesis and the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease [1]. Such studies reveal that many bioportides are able to selectively target intracellular proteins and so manipulate cellular physiology and biochemistry.
We have recently demonstrated that selected CPPs act as novel site-specific intracellular delivery vectors for applications with mammalian spermatozoa [2]. Hence, CPP technologies could be utilised to deliver bioactive cargoes into discrete intracellular compartments of human sperm. Such findings are significant since mature spermatozoa lack the endocytotic capacity of somatic cell types. Moreover, as human sperm do not translate their haploid genome, unique PPI networks are essential for the control of fundamental processes such as the acquisition of motility which correlates with reproductive capacity. We have, therefore, recently utilised bioportides to target PPIs and so manipulate key aspects of sperm physiology including calcium signalling [3]. Our major objective is to further identify and refine related bioportide technologies to selectively modulate sperm-specific PPI networks in a clinical setting. The development of such innovative technologies could potentially rectify male infertility and also provide a novel approach towards male contraception.